**Mission Critical: Ultra-Comprehensive Patentability, FTO, Strategic Opportunity Report & Ironclad Claim Generation** ## Section 1: Invention Claims Based on the provided invention description, the following potential patent claims were identified and will serve as the "Initial Claims" for this analysis. These claims were either explicitly listed or inferred and phrased as formal patent claims based on the technical descriptions provided in the source documents. > **Claim 1:** A method for encoding quantum information where a qubit's basis states (|0⟩, |1⟩) are represented by distinct, stable resonant frequency states within a physical medium, and superposition is the coherent combination of these states. > **Claim 2:** A computational device comprising a physical medium capable of sustaining multiple, individually addressable, and coherently interacting resonant wave patterns, coupled with a control system for modulating said patterns to perform computation. > **Claim 3:** A method for performing a quantum logic gate (e.g., CNOT, Hadamard) by applying a specifically modulated control field to a resonant medium, causing a deterministic and coherent state change in a target resonant pattern (h-qubit) that is conditional on the state of a control resonant pattern (h-qubit), thereby inducing quantum entanglement. > **Claim 4:** A software system that translates abstract quantum algorithms into precise sequences of time-dependent electromagnetic or acoustic waveforms for injection into an RQP, optimizing for coherence evolution. > **Claim 5:** A method for quantum computation wherein a logic gate is executed by applying a deterministic control field to a wave-sustaining medium, thereby inducing a controlled evolution of the coherent state of one or more harmonic qubits. > **Claim 6:** A system for performing quantum computation, comprising: > a wave-sustaining medium configured to support a plurality of addressable, coherent resonant frequency states, wherein each resonant frequency state represents a harmonic qubit (h-qubit); > a control system configured to apply modulated energy fields to the wave-sustaining medium to manipulate the coherent resonant frequency states and perform quantum logic gates; and > a readout system configured to measure a final state of the harmonic qubits. > **Claim 7:** The system of Claim 6, wherein the wave-sustaining medium comprises a three-dimensional lattice structure. > **Claim 8:** The system of Claim 7, wherein the three-dimensional lattice structure mimics a biological structure. > **Claim 9:** The system of Claim 8, wherein the biological structure is a neuronal microtubule. > **Claim 10:** The system of Claim 7, wherein the three-dimensional lattice structure is made of High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) materials. > **Claim 11:** The system of Claim 6, wherein the wave-sustaining medium is filled with a dielectric shielding material having a high dielectric constant and a low loss tangent. > **Claim 12:** The system of Claim 11, wherein the dielectric shielding material is a hydrogel or an ordered liquid. > **Claim 13:** The system of Claim 6, wherein the control system is configured to apply electromagnetic or acoustic fields. > **Claim 14:** The system of Claim 6, wherein the readout system is configured to perform non-demolition measurements of field properties. > **Claim 15:** The system of Claim 14, wherein the readout system utilizes interferometric methods or spectral analysis. > **Claim 16:** A method for performing quantum computation, comprising: > encoding quantum information as coherent superpositions of resonant frequency states within a wave-sustaining medium; > manipulating the coherent superpositions by applying modulated control fields to the wave-sustaining medium to perform quantum logic gates; and > reading out a result of the quantum computation by measuring a final state of the resonant frequency states. > **Claim 17:** The method of Claim 16, further comprising intentionally introducing engineered non-Markovian noise with specific spectral profiles to controllably guide the system's evolution towards a desired solution state. > **Claim 18:** The method of Claim 17, wherein the engineered non-Markovian noise comprises terahertz pulses or phononic lattices. > **Claim 19:** The method of Claim 16, wherein manipulating the coherent superpositions includes using continuous control over field parameters to preserve continuous probabilistic states. > **Claim 20:** A system for mitigating noise in a quantum computing device, comprising: > a quantum medium supporting one or more qubits; and > integrated nanoscale shielding structures fabricated in proximity to the quantum medium, the shielding structures configured to mitigate at least one type of noise selected from electromagnetic noise, phonon noise, thermal noise, particle radiation noise, charge noise, flux noise, quasiparticle noise, surface noise, interface noise, and crosstalk. > **Claim 21:** The system of Claim 20, wherein the integrated nanoscale shielding structures comprise photonic crystals, metamaterials, or resonant cavities configured to control local density of electromagnetic states. > **Claim 22:** The system of Claim 20, wherein the integrated nanoscale shielding structures comprise phononic crystals or tailored materials configured to control phonon propagation or manage heat dissipation. > **Claim 23:** The system of Claim 20, further comprising integrated quasiparticle traps configured to manage quasiparticles in the quantum medium. > **Claim 24:** A method for modeling quantum vacuum fluctuations affecting one or more qubits based on Quantum Field Theory (QFT); and > applying compensating control signals to the one or more qubits based on the modeling to counteract effects of the quantum vacuum fluctuations. > **Claim 25:** A neuromorphic circuit architecture for analog quantum simulation, comprising: > a plurality of interconnected analog electronic components configured to map to quantum variables or parameters in a target Hamiltonian, the circuit configured to perform analog simulation of a quantum system. > **Claim 26:** A system for modeling quantum dynamics, comprising: > a hardware accelerator; and > a computational framework implemented on the hardware accelerator, the framework using quaternions, octonions, or related hypercomplex algebraic structures for representing quantum states and dynamics. > **Claim 27:** A cryogenic sensor for detecting single phonons, comprising: > one or more superconducting resonators configured to operate at millikelvin temperatures; and > a measurement system configured to detect a change in inductance or resonance frequency of the superconducting resonator caused by absorption of a single phonon. > **Claim 28:** A method for optimizing manufacturing process parameters, comprising: > applying Topological Data Analysis (TDA) techniques to analyze a dataset generated by a manufacturing process to extract shape-based features; and > using the extracted shape-based features to identify optimal process parameter settings. > **Claim 29:** A paraconsistent logic circuit for quantum state measurement readout, configured to process and interpret potentially inconsistent or contradictory information arising from quantum measurements. > **Claim 30:** An engineered biological photosynthetic complex with tuned exciton energy transfer pathways, comprising: > a protein-pigment complex having a modified structure or composition configured to control pathways and efficiency of exciton transfer. ## Section 2: Consolidated Prior Art Impact & Freedom to Operate (FTO) Assessment ### Introduction: Understanding Prior Art vs. Freedom to Operate **Prior Art** refers to any evidence that your invention was already known, publicly available, or rendered obvious before the effective filing date of your patent application. It is used by patent examiners to determine if your claims meet the requirements of novelty (new) and non-obviousness (inventive step). If your invention is anticipated by or made obvious in light of prior art, it cannot be patented. **Freedom to Operate (FTO)**, also known as Clearance Search, is an analysis conducted to determine if the commercialization of your invention or technology might infringe on the valid, in-force patent rights held by others in the jurisdictions where you plan to operate. An FTO analysis focuses on the *claims* of active, unexpired patents. Expired patents become part of the prior art and do not pose an FTO risk regarding their expired claims, though their technical disclosures remain relevant for patentability analysis of new applications. ### A. Prior Art Impact on Initial Claims (Patentability Assessment) The search revealed a significant body of prior art highly relevant to the core concepts of encoding and manipulating quantum information using resonant phenomena and fields. This prior art exists across various quantum computing modalities and related fields. For detailed document-by-document analysis of prior art and its mapping against each Initial Claim, refer to **Appendix A**. The following provides an overall patentability grade for each Initial Claim from Section 1, based on the identified prior art and general patentability requirements in major jurisdictions. **Jurisdictional Considerations for Patentability:** Most major patent jurisdictions (US, EP, China, Japan, Korea, etc.) require inventions to be novel, involve an inventive step (non-obvious), and be capable of industrial application (useful/have a technical character). Abstract ideas, mathematical methods, computer programs as such, and naturally occurring things or phenomena are generally excluded from patentability unless claimed as part of a specific technical solution to a technical problem. The US, in particular, has specific jurisprudence around subject matter eligibility under 35 U.S.C. § 101 (Alice/Mayo framework) that scrutinizes claims directed to abstract ideas or natural phenomena. European practice under the EPC has a "technical character" requirement. * Initial Claim 1: Grade: **D (Red - Low Viability, Major Revisions Needed or Unpatentable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Novelty and obviousness are strongly challenged by extensive prior art in Cavity QED and CVQC, which describe encoding quantum information in resonant modes and field states. Subject matter eligibility is also a significant concern as it may be viewed as claiming a natural phenomenon or abstract concept without a specific technical application. * Initial Claim 2: Grade: **D (Red - Low Viability, Major Revisions Needed or Unpatentable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Obviousness is strongly indicated by prior art describing quantum processors utilizing resonant media (cavities, circuits) and control systems for manipulating quantum states. The broad nature lacks specific technical features to distinguish it. * Initial Claim 3: Grade: **D (Red - Low Viability, Major Revisions Needed or Unpatentable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Performing quantum gates by applying modulated fields to resonant systems is a fundamental technique in superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and CVQC. The claim is likely obvious without specifying a novel control mechanism or interaction unique to the claimed h-qubits. * Initial Claim 4: Grade: **C (Yellow - Borderline, Significant Hurdles Exist)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Compilers for translating algorithms to hardware instructions are known [23, 27 in previous search results]. Patentability depends on whether the compiler incorporates novel techniques specifically adapted to the unique physics or control requirements of HQC/RFC that are non-obvious extensions of known compiler principles, or solves a specific technical problem related to the HQC hardware. Subject matter eligibility for software claims is also a hurdle in some jurisdictions. * Initial Claim 5: Grade: **D (Red - Low Viability, Major Revisions Needed or Unpatentable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: This broad method claim is highly vulnerable to prior art from Cavity QED, CVQC, and superconducting circuits, which all involve controlling quantum states in resonant systems using applied fields. * Initial Claim 6: Grade: **D (Red - Low Viability, Major Revisions Needed or Unpatentable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Similar to Claim 2, this system claim is broadly covered by prior art in resonant quantum systems (Cavity QED, CVQC, superconducting circuits) which comprise these basic components. * Initial Claim 7: Grade: **C (Yellow - Borderline, Significant Hurdles Exist)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Adding a "three-dimensional lattice structure" provides some structural detail, but 3D resonant structures and lattices for qubits are known. Patentability requires specific, novel configuration or properties of the lattice for supporting h-qubits, which is not claimed. * Initial Claim 8: Grade: **F (Red - Very Low/No Viable Path)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Merely claiming that a technical structure "mimics a biological structure" is highly likely to be seen as an abstract idea or lacking a concrete, non-obvious technical effect unless the specific technical implementation provides a novel and non-obvious advantage. Biological structures are natural phenomena. * Initial Claim 9: Grade: **F (Red - Very Low/No Viable Path)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Naming a specific biological structure (neuronal microtubule) that is mimicked does not overcome the subject matter eligibility and technical effect issues of Claim 8. * Initial Claim 10: Grade: **C (Yellow - Borderline, Significant Hurdles Exist)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Specifying HTS materials adds material specificity, but HTS materials and superconducting resonators are known in QC. Patentability depends on whether the *combination* of a novel 3D lattice (if applicable) with HTS provides a novel and non-obvious technical solution for HQC h-qubits. * Initial Claim 11: Grade: **C (Yellow - Borderline, Significant Hurdles Exist)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Using dielectric shielding with specific properties is known in resonant circuits. Patentability depends on whether the *specific type* of dielectric or its use *in this specific HQC context and architecture* provides a novel and non-obvious technical solution. * Initial Claim 12: Grade: **C (Yellow - Borderline, Significant Hurdles Exist)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Specifying hydrogel or ordered liquid as the dielectric is more specific but still requires demonstrating a novel and non-obvious technical effect in the HQC context compared to other dielectrics. Direct prior art for these specific materials in QC resonant systems was not found, but the concept of varying dielectric properties is known. * Initial Claim 13: Grade: **D (Red - Low Viability, Major Revisions Needed or Unpatentable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Applying electromagnetic or acoustic fields to manipulate quantum systems in resonant structures is widely known prior art. * Initial Claim 14: Grade: **D (Red - Low Viability, Major Revisions Needed or Unpatentable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Non-demolition measurement is a known concept in QC. Claiming this generically is not novel. * Initial Claim 15: Grade: **D (Red - Low Viability, Major Revisions Needed or Unpatentable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Interferometric or spectral analysis are known measurement techniques. Patentability requires a specific, novel technical implementation for HQC h-qubits. * Initial Claim 16: Grade: **D (Red - Low Viability, Major Revisions Needed or Unpatentable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: This broad method claim is similar to Claims 1, 3, and 5 and faces the same significant challenges from prior art in CVQC and resonant systems. * Initial Claim 17: Grade: **C (Yellow - Borderline, Significant Hurdles Exist)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Intentionally using noise for computational purposes is an emerging area. Patentability depends on the *specific noise engineering method* and its *application to controllably guide evolution specifically in HQC h-qubits* being novel and non-obvious. * Initial Claim 18: Grade: **C (Yellow - Borderline, Significant Hurdles Exist)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Specifying terahertz pulses or phononic lattices adds specificity but still requires demonstrating novelty and non-obviousness in the context of engineered non-Markovian noise for HQC. * Initial Claim 19: Grade: **C (Yellow - Borderline, Significant Hurdles Exist)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Continuous control over field parameters is known in CVQC and analog QC. Patentability depends on *how* this continuous control is applied in a novel and non-obvious way specific to manipulating h-qubits. * Initial Claim 20: Grade: **B (Green - Good Prospects, Minor Issues Addressable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Claiming a system with integrated nanoscale shielding for multi-modal noise mitigation has potential. While noise mitigation and nanoscale structures are known, the *integrated nanoscale shielding structures specifically designed and fabricated in proximity to the quantum medium* for *multi-modal noise mitigation* in the HQC context could be patentable if the implementation is novel and non-obvious. * Initial Claim 21: Grade: **B (Green - Good Prospects, Minor Issues Addressable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Specifying photonic crystals, metamaterials, or resonant cavities for controlling local density of states in integrated nanoscale shielding has potential, building on Claim 20, provided the specific design and integration are novel and non-obvious. * Initial Claim 22: Grade: **B (Green - Good Prospects, Minor Issues Addressable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Specifying phononic crystals or tailored materials for controlling phonon propagation/heat dissipation in integrated nanoscale shielding has potential, building on Claim 20, provided the specific design and integration are novel and non-obvious. * Initial Claim 23: Grade: **B (Green - Good Prospects, Minor Issues Addressable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Integrated quasiparticle traps are known in superconducting circuits. Claiming them as part of an integrated noise mitigation system for HQC (Claim 20) has potential if the integration and overall system design are novel and non-obvious. * Initial Claim 24: Grade: **F (Red - Very Low/No Viable Path)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Modeling quantum vacuum fluctuations using QFT and applying compensation signals is highly likely to be viewed as a mathematical method or abstract idea, facing significant subject matter eligibility challenges. * Initial Claim 25: Grade: **C (Yellow - Borderline, Significant Hurdles Exist)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Neuromorphic circuits and analog simulation hardware are known. Claiming this broadly without specifying a novel architecture or non-obvious mapping technique *specifically for simulating HQC dynamics* faces obviousness challenges. * Initial Claim 26: Grade: **D (Red - Low Viability, Major Revisions Needed or Unpatentable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Using specific mathematical structures (quaternions, octonions) for modeling is likely considered an abstract idea or mathematical method. Claiming a hardware accelerator does not automatically confer patentability unless the hardware itself is novel and non-obvious for implementing this specific modeling approach in a way that solves a specific technical problem beyond mere calculation. * Initial Claim 27: Grade: **B (Green - Good Prospects, Minor Issues Addressable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Cryogenic sensors using superconducting resonators are known [19 in previous search results]. However, a *specific design* optimized and demonstrated for reliable *single-phonon detection* *in the context of characterizing or interacting with the HQC medium* could be patentable if the design features are novel and non-obvious. * Initial Claim 28: Grade: **A (Green - Strong Positive Outlook)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Applying TDA to manufacturing process data for optimization shows good potential. The *specific application* to analyzing data from the manufacturing of *HQC components*, extracting *shape-based features* relevant to *technical performance*, and using this in a novel method to optimize parameters presents a technical method with a concrete industrial application. * Initial Claim 29: Grade: **F (Red - Very Low/No Viable Path)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Claiming a logic circuit based on paraconsistent logic for interpreting measurement data is likely an abstract idea or mathematical method unless tied to a specific, novel electronic circuit implementation that solves a technical problem in HQC readout hardware. * Initial Claim 30: Grade: **B (Green - Good Prospects, Minor Issues Addressable)** Key Supporting Reasons for Grade: Engineering biological complexes to tune energy transfer pathways has potential patentability as it involves modifying a natural structure for a specific technical effect [Engineered Photosynthetic Complex NPL mentioned in the initial text]. If used *as part of or to interact with* the HQC system, patentability depends on the novelty and non-obviousness of the *specific modifications* and resulting *tuned pathways* in this context. ### B. Freedom to Operate (FTO) Assessment for Initial Claims The FTO landscape for technology broadly described by the Initial Claims is complex and presents a **Medium to High Risk**. This is due to the significant overlap with existing patented technologies in superconducting quantum circuits, Cavity QED, and Continuous-Variable Quantum Computing (CVQC). For detailed analysis of potentially problematic in-force patents and their claims against your Initial Claims, refer to **Appendix A**. The risk stems from: * **Core Concepts:** Patents exist covering fundamental aspects of using resonant systems, superconducting circuits, and modulated fields for quantum information processing. Broad claims covering these concepts are likely to read on existing patent claims. * **System Components:** Claims directed to systems with resonant media, control systems, and readout systems overlap with components described and claimed in numerous QC patents. * **Method Steps:** Claims covering methods of encoding, manipulating (gates), and reading out quantum states using resonant interactions could potentially infringe method claims in existing patents that perform similar functions using resonant techniques. * **Specific Features:** While some specific features like 3D lattices or noise mitigation techniques are claimed in the Initial Claims, existing patents cover various implementations of these features in QC systems. Mitigating this risk requires a detailed FTO analysis of specific commercial embodiments and potentially designing around problematic claims or seeking licenses. **Jurisdictional Considerations for FTO:** FTO is jurisdiction-specific. A patent only grants rights within the country or region where it is granted. Therefore, FTO analysis must be conducted for each target market. Enforcement of patent rights and claim interpretation can also vary between jurisdictions. For example, the scope of equivalents can differ, impacting how easily a design-around might still be found to infringe. ## Section 3: Strategic Opportunity Analysis – "Reading Between the Lines" of Prior Art Analyzing the identified prior art reveals several strategic opportunities by identifying unclaimed disclosures, implied gaps, and potential design-around avenues. 1. **US8642998B2 - Array of quantum systems in a cavity for quantum computing:** This patent describes an array of quantum systems (qubits) within a cavity, coupled via the cavity's electromagnetic field. While it covers coupling qubits via resonant modes, it focuses on *qubits* (described as effective two-level systems) interacting with cavity modes. * **Unclaimed Disclosures/Implied Gaps:** The patent focuses on coupling *qubits* in a cavity. It does not explicitly detail or claim encoding the quantum information *directly within the resonant frequency states themselves* as the fundamental qubit (h-qubit), independent of a separate "quantum system" like a transmon or atom. This distinction, if technically realized and enabled, could be a basis for novel claims. The patent also mentions 3D qubit cluster apparatus but the claims are broad regarding the specific structure. * **Strategic Insight:** Focus claims on the unique technical approach of using the resonant field states *as* the qubits, rather than using resonant fields to couple or control separate qubits. Detail the specific physical medium and how stable, addressable resonant states are created and maintained as h-qubits. 2. **US6930320B2 - Resonant controlled qubit system:** This patent describes using a tunable resonant control system coupled to a superconducting qubit to entangle their states. It discusses tuning the resonant frequency to match the qubit frequency for interaction. * **Unclaimed Disclosures/Implied Gaps:** This patent focuses on using a resonant circuit to control or entangle a *separate* qubit (superconducting qubit). It does not describe or claim the resonant states *being* the qubits. The control methods described are tailored to interacting with a qubit's energy levels. * **Strategic Insight:** Develop claims around control methods that specifically manipulate the *properties of the resonant field states themselves* (amplitude, phase, frequency superposition) to perform gates, as this is distinct from using resonance to drive transitions in a separate qubit. 3. **arXiv:1407.0654 - Cavity QED Photons for Quantum Information Processing:** This paper discusses encoding dual-rail qubits in cavities and using multi-level atoms as ancillas for gates. It focuses on using photons in cavities as information carriers. * **Unclaimed Disclosures/Implied Gaps:** While using cavity modes, the encoding is often dual-rail (using two modes to represent |0> and |1>). The HQC/RFC concept appears to propose encoding within the properties of *single* resonant states or superpositions thereof. The methods involve atomic interactions. * **Strategic Insight:** Claims could focus on the specific encoding scheme within the resonant states (if distinct from dual-rail or other known CV encodings) and control methods that do not rely on separate atomic or solid-state ancilla systems but directly manipulate the resonant medium. 4. **CN109376870B - A superconducting quantum bit chip:** This patent describes a superconducting qubit chip with a quasi-one-dimensional network chain structure and methods for single- and two-bit gates using microwave circuits and resonators. It mentions coupling qubits to coplanar superconducting microwave resonators for reading out the state by a shift in eigenfrequency. * **Unclaimed Disclosures/Implied Gaps:** This patent is firmly rooted in superconducting *qubits* (Josephson junctions, capacitors) coupled to resonators. It does not contemplate the resonant states *as* the qubits. The structures are planar or quasi-one-dimensional. * **Strategic Insight:** Claims directed to specific 3D resonant medium architectures (Claims 7, 10) are less likely to be directly anticipated by this planar art. Furthermore, readout methods that measure properties of the resonant field states directly, rather than detecting a frequency shift induced by a separate qubit, could be a point of distinction. 5. **Topological Data Analysis in Smart Manufacturing:** This NPL confirms TDA is being applied to manufacturing data, including identifying key process variables and analyzing complex structures. A patent application is mentioned for TDA in composite layup inspection. * **Implied Gaps/Untapped Potential:** While TDA is applied to manufacturing, its specific application to the complex data generated during the fabrication and characterization of *quantum computing components*, particularly novel 3D resonant structures or nanoscale integrated systems, appears to be an open area. Using TDA to optimize parameters for achieving specific *quantum performance metrics* (coherence, coupling, addressability) based on manufacturing data is likely novel. * **Strategic Insight:** Develop claims specifically linking TDA analysis of manufacturing data from HQC components to the optimization of process parameters for improving quantum performance characteristics. This is a strong candidate for a patentable method claim (Claim 28). **Actionable Insights:** The strategic opportunities lie in clearly defining the technical implementation of HQC/RFC in a way that highlights its distinction from existing resonant QC systems (Cavity QED, CVQC, superconducting circuits). This includes: * Focusing on the physical realization of the "wave-sustaining medium" as a novel structure (e.g., specific 3D lattice designs, novel material compositions/fillers). * Detailing control and readout methods that uniquely interact with the claimed h-qubits (resonant field states) in a non-obvious manner. * Leveraging specific technical solutions like integrated multi-modal nanoscale noise mitigation tailored for the HQC architecture. * Pursuing claims in adjacent technical areas like the application of TDA to HQC manufacturing processes, where the prior art is less direct. ## Section 4: Leveraging Expired & Lapsed Patents Based on the search results, several patents in relevant fields may be expired or nearing expiration, offering opportunities to leverage their teachings. While a definitive list of *all* expired patents requires a dedicated search with status filtering, we can analyze the implications of patents identified with older priority/publication dates. For example, US6930320B2, with a priority date in 2002 and grant in 2005, is likely expired (standard term is 20 years from priority date). US8642998B2, with a priority date in 2011 and grant in 2014, may still be active depending on extensions, but its priority date means its core teachings are over 13 years old. **Strategic Implications & Benefits:** * **Free Incorporation:** The technical disclosures in expired patents, such as details on superconducting resonators, coupling techniques between resonant systems, and methods for applying resonant control fields described in patents like US69320B2, are now in the public domain. Specific circuit designs, fabrication techniques, or measurement setups described in these expired patents can be freely incorporated into the design and implementation of the HQC/RFC system without FTO concerns related to *those specific expired claims*. * **Foundation for New Claims:** The teachings of expired patents can serve as a known baseline upon which novel and non-obvious improvements (your invention) can be built and claimed. For instance, an expired patent might describe a basic resonant cavity structure. Your new claims could focus on a novel *modification* to that structure (e.g., a specific 3D lattice configuration within the cavity, or a novel dielectric filler) that provides a new technical effect specifically for supporting h-qubits, arguing that this modification is non-obvious over the expired art. * **Competitive Shield:** Knowledge of expired prior art is crucial defensively. If a competitor attempts to patent technology that is merely an obvious variation of the teachings in an expired patent, you can use the expired patent as prior art to challenge the novelty or obviousness of their claims. This prevents competitors from re-patenting old ideas that you might be incorporating into your technology. Leveraging expired art allows for building upon foundational technologies without licensing costs, accelerating R&D, and strengthening arguments for the patentability of your specific advancements. ## Section 5: "Best Mode" Revised Claims & Strategic Go/No-Go Assessment Based on the comprehensive analysis of initial claims, prior art, FTO risks, and strategic opportunities, the following "Best Mode" revised claims are proposed. These claims are engineered to enhance patentability by focusing on specific, technically enabled aspects of the invention that demonstrate novelty and non-obviousness over the identified prior art, while also considering FTO implications. ### A. "Best Mode" Revised Claims > **Claim R1:** A quantum computing system comprising: > a three-dimensional superconducting lattice structure defining a plurality of interconnected resonant cavities, wherein the geometric parameters and material composition of the lattice structure are configured to support a plurality of addressable, coherent resonant field states within the cavities, each state representing a harmonic qubit (h-qubit); > a dielectric material substantially filling the resonant cavities, the dielectric material having a defined high dielectric constant and low loss tangent at cryogenic temperatures; > a control system configured to apply modulated electromagnetic fields to the lattice structure to selectively manipulate the coherent resonant field states and perform quantum logic gates; and > a readout system configured to measure properties of the resonant field states to determine a final state of the harmonic qubits. > **Claim R2:** The system of Claim R1, wherein the three-dimensional superconducting lattice structure comprises High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) materials arranged in a specific geometric configuration optimized for enhanced h-qubit coherence and reduced crosstalk. > **Claim R3:** The system of Claim R1, wherein the dielectric material is a specifically formulated hydrogel or ordered liquid designed for use at millikelvin temperatures and having tailored dielectric properties to minimize decoherence of the resonant field states. > **Claim R4:** A method for performing a quantum logic gate on one or more harmonic qubits encoded as coherent resonant field states within a three-dimensional resonant medium, the method comprising: > applying a sequence of precisely shaped and timed modulated electromagnetic pulses to the resonant medium, wherein the pulse parameters are specifically calculated to induce a controlled, non-linear interaction between the applied fields and the target resonant field state(s) to effect a desired quantum gate operation; and > maintaining coherence of the target resonant field state(s) during the gate operation through the inherent properties of the resonant medium and applied control fields. > **Claim R5:** An integrated noise mitigation system for a quantum computing device utilizing harmonic qubits encoded in resonant field states within a physical medium, the system comprising: > a physical medium configured to support the harmonic qubits; and > a plurality of nanoscale shielding structures integrated within or immediately adjacent to the physical medium, the shielding structures comprising a combination of photonic bandgap structures, phononic bandgap structures, and integrated quasiparticle traps, wherein the design and spatial arrangement of the shielding structures are specifically configured to simultaneously mitigate electromagnetic noise, phonon noise, and quasiparticle poisoning affecting the harmonic qubits. > **Claim R6:** The system of Claim R5, wherein the physical medium comprises a superconducting structure, and the integrated quasiparticle traps are strategically located within or adjacent to superconducting components of the medium. > **Claim R7:** A method for optimizing the manufacturing process of a three-dimensional resonant medium for harmonic qubit quantum computing, the method comprising: > obtaining a dataset generated during the manufacturing process of the resonant medium, the dataset comprising structural or material property data; > applying Topological Data Analysis (TDA) techniques to the dataset to extract shape-based or topological features indicative of manufacturing variations; > correlating the extracted shape-based or topological features with measured quantum performance metrics of the resonant medium, the metrics including h-qubit coherence time, addressability, or coupling strength; and > adjusting one or more manufacturing process parameters based on the correlation to optimize the quantum performance metrics of subsequently manufactured resonant media. > **Claim R8:** A cryogenic sensor system for characterizing a resonant medium for harmonic qubit quantum computing, the system comprising: > a superconducting resonant structure configured to be coupled to the resonant medium and operate at millikelvin temperatures; and > a measurement system coupled to the superconducting resonant structure, the measurement system configured to detect changes in the resonance properties of the superconducting resonant structure induced by interaction with single phonons originating from or interacting with the resonant medium, thereby enabling single-phonon detection for characterizing the phonon environment of the resonant medium. ### B. Quantitative Assessment & Grading of Revised Claims * Revised Claim R1: Grade: **B (Green - Good Confidence, Robust)** Rationale for Grade & Resilience: This claim focuses on a specific technical system: a 3D superconducting lattice with defined geometric/material properties supporting resonant field states as h-qubits, including a specific dielectric filler. This is more concrete than the initial broad claims and distinguishes from planar superconducting circuits and generic cavities. Patentability hinges on the novelty and non-obviousness of the *specific* 3D lattice architecture and the *combination* with the defined dielectric for supporting h-qubits, requiring strong enablement. It navigates FTO better than broad claims by defining a specific structure. Key Jurisdictional Outlook for Revised Claim: Good prospects in US, EP, CN, JP, KR if well-enabled and clearly distinguished from 3D cavity/transmon art. Enablement under 35 U.S.C. § 112 and Article 83 EPC will be critical. * Revised Claim R2: Grade: **B (Green - Good Confidence, Robust)** Rationale for Grade & Resilience: Adds specificity regarding HTS materials and optimization for coherence/crosstalk. This strengthens the claim by adding technical detail and a stated technical effect. Patentability depends on the novelty of the *specific HTS lattice configuration* and demonstrated optimization. Key Jurisdictional Outlook for Revised Claim: Similar to R1, good prospects if specific HTS configuration and its benefits for h-qubits are well-enabled and non-obvious over known HTS applications in QC. * Revised Claim R3: Grade: **B (Green - Good Confidence, Robust)** Rationale for Grade & Resilience: Adds specificity regarding the dielectric material (hydrogel/ordered liquid) and its tailored properties for cryogenic use and decoherence minimization. This is a more specific technical feature. Patentability depends on the novelty of using these specific materials in this context and demonstrating their technical advantage. Direct prior art for these specific materials in QC resonant systems was not found, increasing novelty potential, but enablement for cryogenic use is key. Key Jurisdictional Outlook for Revised Claim: Good prospects if enablement for cryogenic use and demonstrated technical benefits are strong. Novelty argument is potentially stronger here due to lack of direct prior art for these specific materials in QC. * Revised Claim R4: Grade: **B (Green - Good Confidence, Robust)** Rationale for Grade & Resilience: This method claim focuses on specific control techniques (shaped/timed pulses, non-linear interaction) tailored to manipulating resonant field states *as* h-qubits. This distinguishes it from generic resonant driving of separate qubits. Patentability depends on the novelty and non-obviousness of the *specific pulse sequences and interaction mechanisms* for performing gates on h-qubits, requiring detailed technical description and ideally simulation/experimental data. Key Jurisdictional Outlook for Revised Claim: Good prospects if the control method is clearly distinct from known CVQC or superconducting qubit control techniques and its technical effect is well-supported. * Revised Claim R5: Grade: **A (Green - High Confidence in Grant & Resilience)** Rationale for Grade & Resilience: This claim defines a specific integrated system for multi-modal noise mitigation using a combination of nanoscale structures. While individual components (photonic/phononic crystals, quasiparticle traps) are known, their *integration within or immediately adjacent to the quantum medium* and *specific design/arrangement for simultaneous mitigation* in the HQC context presents a strong technical solution to a critical problem (decoherence). This claim is well-supported by the prior art landscape showing noise as a major challenge and existing, but less integrated, mitigation techniques. Key Jurisdictional Outlook for Revised Claim: High confidence across major jurisdictions due to the focus on a concrete technical problem and a specific, integrated technical solution. Enablement of the fabrication and function of the integrated structures is key. * Revised Claim R6: Grade: **A (Green - High Confidence in Grant & Resilience)** Rationale for Grade & Resilience: Adds specificity to Claim R5 by linking quasiparticle traps to a superconducting medium, which aligns with known quasiparticle issues in superconducting circuits. This strengthens the claim by providing a specific context for one of the mitigation elements. Key Jurisdictional Outlook for Revised Claim: High confidence, similar to R5, particularly in jurisdictions with strong superconducting QC patenting activity. * Revised Claim R7: Grade: **A (Green - High Confidence in Grant & Resilience)** Rationale for Grade & Resilience: This method claim leverages the identified strategic opportunity in applying TDA to manufacturing. It defines a specific technical method with clear steps (data acquisition, TDA analysis for shape/topological features, correlation with quantum performance, parameter adjustment) to solve a technical problem (optimizing manufacturing for quantum performance). This is distinct from prior art TDA applications and generic manufacturing optimization. Key Jurisdictional Outlook for Revised Claim: High confidence across major jurisdictions as it defines a patent-eligible technical method with a clear industrial application and technical effect. Enablement requires describing how TDA is applied and correlated. * Revised Claim R8: Grade: **B (Green - Good Confidence, Robust)** Rationale for Grade & Resilience: This claim focuses on a specific sensor system for characterizing the HQC medium by detecting single phonons using a superconducting resonator. While components are known, the *specific design optimized for single-phonon detection* and its *application to characterizing the phonon environment of the HQC medium* for performance improvement presents a potentially novel technical solution. Key Jurisdictional Outlook for Revised Claim: Good prospects if the specific sensor design and its demonstrated capability for single-phonon detection relevant to HQC are well-enabled and non-obvious over existing cryogenic detectors. ### C. Strategic Go/No-Go & Benefit/Cost Considerations (Patent-Centric) **Overall Strategic Recommendation: Cautious Go** There is good potential for securing valuable patent protection for specific, technically enabled aspects of the Harmonic Quantum Computing paradigm, as reflected in the "Best Mode" Revised Claims. However, the initial broad concepts face significant prior art and subject matter eligibility hurdles. A "Cautious Go" is recommended because successful prosecution is highly contingent on the quality and detail of the technical enablement provided in the patent application and ongoing R&D to support the specific features claimed in the revised claims. **Key Benefits of Proceeding (with Revised Claims):** * **Potential for Robust Protection:** The revised claims target specific technical implementations (3D lattice, specific dielectrics, integrated noise mitigation, TDA for manufacturing, specific sensors) that show higher patentability potential and are less directly challenged by the broadest prior art in Cavity QED and CVQC. * **Filling Identified Gaps:** The revised claims, particularly R5-R8, directly address technical problems and opportunities identified through the prior art analysis (noise mitigation, manufacturing optimization, characterization). * **Competitive Advantage:** Securing patents on these specific technical solutions can provide a competitive advantage by protecting key components and methods necessary for building a functional HQC system. * **Foundation for Future IP:** Successful prosecution of these foundational technical claims can lay the groundwork for future patent applications on further improvements and applications. **Key Costs/Risks to Consider:** * **Enablement Burden:** The most significant cost and risk is the requirement for a highly detailed and robust technical disclosure to fully enable the revised claims. This requires significant R&D effort to generate the necessary data, schematics, and descriptions. Without strong enablement, even novel concepts will not be patentable. * **Remaining Prior Art & Obviousness:** While the revised claims are more specific, arguments regarding obviousness over combinations of prior art references may still arise during prosecution, particularly for features that are combinations of known elements (e.g., HTS materials in lattices). * **FTO for Specific Embodiments:** While the revised claims help define embodiments that can be analyzed for FTO, a detailed FTO analysis for the *specific* technical implementations pursued is still necessary. Design-around or licensing may be required for certain components or methods. * **Prosecution Costs:** Patent prosecution is a costly and time-consuming process, especially for complex technologies in crowded fields, often involving multiple rounds of examination and arguments with patent offices in various jurisdictions. * **Jurisdictional Variations:** The strength and interpretation of claims can vary between jurisdictions, requiring tailored prosecution strategies. Proceeding is strategically advisable, but only with a clear commitment to developing the detailed technical enablement required to support the promising revised claims and a realistic understanding of the ongoing R&D and prosecution effort involved. --- ## Appendix A: Detailed Prior Art & FTO Analysis ### **Analysis of arXiv:1407.0654:** * **Full Citation:** [1407.0654] Cavity QED Photons for Quantum Information Processing, Moteb M. Alqahtani, Mark S. Everitt, Barry M. Garraway, arXiv:1407.0654 (quant-ph), Submitted on 2 Jul 2014. * **Assignee/Applicant(s)/Author(s):** Moteb M. Alqahtani, Mark S. Everitt, Barry M. Garraway * **Key Dates:** Submitted July 2, 2014. * **Estimated Status:** Non-patent literature (NPL). Publicly available. * **Key Relevant Features & Disclosures:** This paper describes realizing universal two- and three-qubit gates where dual-rail qubits are encoded in cavities. Information is stored in cavities, and off-resonant atomic levels are used with a semi-classical theory. It discusses using a multi-mode multi-level Jaynes-Cummings model and multi-photon resonance theory. The paper also studies the impact of decoherence processes. * **Detailed Mapping Against Initial Claims (for Patentability):** * Initial Claim 1: Directly impacts novelty and obviousness. The paper describes encoding quantum information in cavities (resonant systems) using resonant modes ("dual-rail qubits are encoded in cavities"). * Initial Claim 2: Impacts obviousness. Describes a system using cavities (resonant medium) and methods for performing gates (control system). * Initial Claim 3: Impacts obviousness. Describes performing quantum logic gates using interactions in a cavity QED system, which involves applying fields and causing state changes in resonant modes. * Initial Claim 5: Impacts obviousness. Describes a method for quantum computation using controlled evolution of states in a resonant system (cavity). * Initial Claim 6: Impacts obviousness. Describes a system with a wave-sustaining medium (cavity), control (gate implementation), and implicit readout. * Initial Claim 16: Impacts obviousness. Describes a method involving encoding, manipulating, and reading out quantum information using resonant states in a cavity. * **FTO Implications (if an *in-force* patent):** Not a patent, so no FTO implications. Its teachings are prior art. ### **Analysis of US8642998B2:** * **Full Citation:** [US8642998B2](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQE_WdI5xuyjJgO2m4FlhlBFgRPsGj2_8FJ7IWWAJdArR_G76gk6Lwn_qhpnGAN6UxlIxD-op0STHfHc-7iApFCxoCpNIqkkLLYN0nU0r-LJJgcANTl6nFg6wEh1105Mtgr0c0t_oHUXwTcU) - Array of quantum systems in a cavity for quantum computing * **Assignee/Applicant(s)/Author(s):** International Business Machines Corporation * **Key Dates:** Filed Jun 14, 2011, Granted Feb 4, 2014. * **Estimated Status:** Likely expired (20 years from 2011 filing date would be 2031, but check for extensions). Assuming standard term, likely expired or nearing expiration. *Self-correction: Standard patent term is 20 years from the non-provisional filing date. Filed in 2011, so it would expire around 2031, meaning it is currently active.* * **Key Relevant Features & Disclosures:** Describes a device with a volume bounded by conducting walls (cavity) containing a plurality of quantum systems (qubits). An electromagnetic field source is coupled to the volume. The quantum systems can couple to each other via mutual coupling to the electromagnetic field modes of the cavity. Mentions a three-dimensional qubit cluster apparatus. Claims cover a device with a bounded volume, quantum systems within, and an electromagnetic field source. Claims also cover coupling via electromagnetic resonant modes. * **Detailed Mapping Against Initial Claims (for Patentability):** * Initial Claim 1: Impacts obviousness. Describes encoding information in quantum systems coupled to resonant modes in a cavity. While not explicitly encoding *in* the resonant states themselves, it's closely related art using resonant phenomena for QC. * Initial Claim 2: Impacts obviousness. Describes a computational device with a resonant medium (cavity), quantum systems, and a control source. * Initial Claim 3: Impacts obviousness. Describes coupling quantum systems via resonant modes, which implies performing interactions/gates using resonant fields. * Initial Claim 5: Impacts obviousness. Describes quantum computation using quantum systems in a resonant cavity controlled by an electromagnetic field source. * Initial Claim 6: Impacts obviousness. Describes a system with a wave-sustaining medium (cavity), quantum systems (qubits), control (electromagnetic field source), and implicit readout. * Initial Claim 7: Mentions a 3D qubit cluster apparatus, impacting the novelty/obviousness of a 3D lattice structure in a QC context. * Initial Claim 13: Impacts obviousness. Describes using an electromagnetic field source coupled to the cavity. * Initial Claim 16: Impacts obviousness. Describes a method using quantum systems in a resonant cavity with control. * **FTO Implications (if an *in-force* patent):** This patent is active. Claims cover a device with quantum systems in a bounded volume coupled to an electromagnetic field source, and coupling via resonant modes. If the HQC system is implemented with separate physical "h-qubits" (even if defined by resonant states) within a cavity-like structure and controlled by electromagnetic fields, there is a potential FTO risk, particularly for claims directed to the system architecture (Claims 2, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13). ### **Analysis of US6930320B2:** * **Full Citation:** [US6930320B2](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQF4yVrTNwMkFSAsIumGu7dYnAytY1SchbDtUcSRrs16rcv4aXf5UpgOx_zLi-_x5SuV2Kc5dMagu6jbmqiK6YxZxbBhNfgTvvQ16ECyRl9c0KfE4wv6gyLEDGUM3zAcnDA2Orvt4OqFmTyG) - Resonant controlled qubit system * **Assignee/Applicant(s)/Author(s):** General Electric Company * **Key Dates:** Filed Apr 17, 2003, Granted Aug 16, 2005. * **Estimated Status:** Expired (20 years from 2003 filing date was 2023). * **Key Relevant Features & Disclosures:** Describes a resonant control system coupled to a superconducting qubit. The resonant frequency of the circuit can be tuned to a predetermined resonant frequency corresponding to an energy difference between qubit levels. Describes entangling the quantum state of a qubit with a quantum state of a resonant control system by tuning the resonant system. Mentions superconducting structures and Josephson junctions. * **Detailed Mapping Against Initial Claims (for Patentability):** * Initial Claim 1: Impacts obviousness. Describes using resonant systems (resonant control system) in conjunction with qubits. * Initial Claim 2: Impacts obviousness. Describes a system with a resonant circuit (resonant control system) and a superconducting qubit, with control methods. * Initial Claim 3: Impacts obviousness. Describes entangling qubits using a resonant control system and tuning its frequency, which involves applying fields and causing state changes. * Initial Claim 5: Impacts obviousness. Describes a method for quantum computation involving a resonant system and a qubit. * Initial Claim 6: Impacts obviousness. Describes a system with a resonant medium (resonant control system), a qubit, and control/readout. * Initial Claim 13: Impacts obviousness. Describes applying fields by tuning a resonant control system. * Initial Claim 16: Impacts obviousness. Describes a method involving a resonant system and a qubit. * **FTO Implications (if an *in-force* patent):** Expired, so no FTO implications. Its teachings are public domain prior art. ### **Analysis of CN109376870B:** * **Full Citation:** [CN109376870B](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGa0aaosnJ4twS83ceRJp8EXuyEJDbiK36QAoyXem85a7ar_IIusjq2sWK3nl-SjQ8zeCgPZqZlHmSym4Jyj3iEJjDF-x43Eoh2LRiEppmz8Ht1OYj37eitwnVgWUgGjK50Glu3cmWGTmZowQ==) - A superconducting quantum bit chip * **Assignee/Applicant(s)/Author(s):** Tsinghua University * **Key Dates:** Filed Oct 18, 2018, Granted Apr 23, 2021. * **Estimated Status:** Active. * **Key Relevant Features & Disclosures:** Describes a superconducting qubit chip with a quasi-one-dimensional network chain structure of superconducting qubits and a control reading microwave circuit. Superconducting qubits are composed of metal film-based capacitors and Josephson junction nonlinear inductor elements. Each qubit is coupled to a coplanar superconducting microwave resonator for reading out the state by a shift in eigenfrequency. Describes single-bit gates via microwave signals and two-bit gates via cross-resonance and single-bit operations. Mentions a 2D layout of qubits as known prior art (IBM, Intel). Claims cover the superconducting qubit chip with the specific layout and coupling to resonators, methods for single and dual quantum logic gates, and qubit structure. * **Detailed Mapping Against Initial Claims (for Patentability):** * Initial Claim 1: Impacts obviousness. Describes encoding information in superconducting qubits coupled to resonators. * Initial Claim 2: Impacts obviousness. Describes a computational device (chip) with superconducting qubits, resonators (resonant medium), and control/readout circuits. * Initial Claim 3: Impacts obviousness. Describes performing quantum logic gates (single and dual bit) using microwave control and resonant interactions. * Initial Claim 5: Impacts obviousness. Describes a method for quantum computation using superconducting qubits and resonant circuits. * Initial Claim 6: Impacts obviousness. Describes a system (chip) with superconducting qubits, resonators, control, and readout. * Initial Claim 10: Impacts obviousness of using superconducting materials in a QC structure. * Initial Claim 13: Impacts obviousness of using electromagnetic (microwave) fields for control. * Initial Claim 14: Impacts obviousness of readout using resonant circuits (frequency shift). * Initial Claim 15: Impacts obviousness of spectral analysis (frequency shift detection). * Initial Claim 16: Impacts obviousness. Describes a method using superconducting qubits and resonant circuits. * **FTO Implications (if an *in-force* patent):** This patent is active. Its claims cover superconducting qubit chips with specific layouts, coupling to resonators, and methods for performing gates. If the HQC system utilizes superconducting components in a way that falls within the scope of these claims (e.g., using superconducting structures that could be interpreted as qubits coupled to resonators, even if the primary information encoding is different), there could be an FTO risk, particularly for claims related to superconducting materials and resonant control/readout in a chip-like structure (Claims 2, 6, 10, 13, 14, 15). ### **Analysis of US20180052806A1:** * **Full Citation:** [US20180052806A1](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHJqEmMQTOkdShVs2E_6WHVSi8zv3YKzZxzGZLqCDfjeAQDXCLrBnWa5HQR_MZ-q_YyA1olckVn59oIfaT4uSSlGiKM1RpzCA6gEuo_l7kwofF0x-adzb2XUYMeiYK0PMDTStMn_daZX4O1BlrJ9Q==) - Quantum computing methods and devices for majorana tetron qubits * **Assignee/Applicant(s)/Author(s):** Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC * **Key Dates:** Filed Aug 17, 2017, Published Feb 22, 2018. * **Estimated Status:** Active (Published as an application, likely pending or granted as a utility patent). * **Key Relevant Features & Disclosures:** Describes quantum computing methods and devices using Majorana Tetron qubits. Discusses manipulating qubit states and performing gates (Clifford gates, CNOT, Swap). Mentions using depletion gates and quantum dots. Relevant to noise mitigation, it discusses quasiparticle poisoning protection. * **Detailed Mapping Against Initial Claims (for Patentability):** * Initial Claim 20: Impacts obviousness of claiming a system for noise mitigation in a quantum computing device. * Initial Claim 23: Specifically impacts obviousness of claiming integrated quasiparticle traps in a quantum medium. * **FTO Implications (if an *in-force* patent):** This is an active patent application (likely granted as a utility patent). Its claims cover quantum computing devices and methods using Majorana qubits and techniques like quasiparticle poisoning protection. If the HQC system involves components or methods that could be interpreted as utilizing similar quasiparticle management techniques, there could be an FTO risk, particularly for claims related to noise mitigation and quasiparticle traps (Claims 20, 23). ### **Analysis of WO2019055038A1:** * **Full Citation:** [WO2019055038A1](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGTqpk53CB1CUUfTqD4D_7svB9qr0yZoA8YdI5JIGDVbdQ6V4S49X95Lo1lv8yi8LbeYRRgx_WKEa7-rVRjglllXsWJOV4qtlmBv2w_SOjbL8XJTqnfLmIXnlwHAPke_uqQFD_RGyUFfhW37leC) - Substrate engineering for qubits * **Assignee/Applicant(s)/Author(s):** Oxford University Innovation Ltd. * **Key Dates:** Filed Aug 13, 2019, Published Feb 20, 2020. Also published as US11937517B2. * **Estimated Status:** Active (International application published, corresponding national phase patents like US11937517B2 are granted/pending). * **Key Relevant Features & Disclosures:** Describes a superconducting quantum computing circuit package with a substrate and holes arranged among circuit elements. Aims to provide a cleaner frequency space. Discusses using intrinsic semiconductor materials for substrates to minimize decoherence and extend qubit lifetime. Mentions providing ground pathways (vias) to improve signal quality and isolation. Claims cover a superconducting quantum computing circuit package with a substrate and holes. Also claims a quantum circuit assembly with a substrate layer of intrinsic semiconductor material. * **Detailed Mapping Against Initial Claims (for Patentability):** * Initial Claim 2: Impacts obviousness of a computational device with a physical medium (substrate/package). * Initial Claim 6: Impacts obviousness of a system for QC with a wave-sustaining medium (substrate/package). * Initial Claim 10: Impacts obviousness of using superconducting materials in a QC structure. * Initial Claim 20: Impacts obviousness of a system for noise mitigation in a QC device, specifically related to substrate engineering and isolation techniques. * **FTO Implications (if an *in-force* patent):** This patent family is active (e.g., US11937517B2 is granted). Claims cover superconducting quantum computing circuit packages and assemblies with specific substrate features and materials. If the HQC system is implemented as a superconducting circuit package with substrate engineering or isolation features that fall within the scope of these claims, there could be an FTO risk, particularly for claims related to the system architecture, superconducting materials, and noise mitigation through substrate design (Claims 2, 6, 10, 20). ### **Analysis of US9692423B2:** * **Full Citation:** [US9692423B2](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGqIHg7BPKffWNpFZkkWoehI51eI6m-KpOSQh-Rky1BYFvO8TuqMfEBCfM8pZ4B1ycOEuN6q4awo3fAf9hcFW6dxwq2wsYIyTuIIoVjtEcXGNfupoResmKgBF_EklXWv79uw2tJLBxhsN89eDG1_RBLWA==) - System and method for circuit quantum electrodynamics measurement * **Assignee/Applicant(s)/Author(s):** Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Syracuse University, Universitaet Des Saarlandes * **Key Dates:** Filed Dec 29, 2014, Granted Jul 4, 2017. * **Estimated Status:** Active. * **Key Relevant Features & Disclosures:** Describes a non-destructive method for obtaining quantum information from quantum circuits (qubits) using a microwave photon counting technique. A qubit circuit is coupled to a resonant cavity. A controller provides microwave irradiation to the cavity to transfer qubit state information to cavity occupation. A readout circuit coupled to the cavity receives signals corresponding to cavity occupation. Mentions using a Josephson photomultiplier (JPM) circuit detector. Claims cover a system for quantum computation with a qubit circuit coupled to a resonant cavity, a controller for microwave irradiation, and a readout circuit. Also claims a method for measuring a quantum state using this system. * **Detailed Mapping Against Initial Claims (for Patentability):** * Initial Claim 1: Impacts obviousness. Describes encoding information in qubits coupled to resonant cavities. * Initial Claim 2: Impacts obviousness. Describes a computational device with a resonant medium (cavity), qubit circuits, and control/readout. * Initial Claim 6: Impacts obviousness. Describes a system for QC with a wave-sustaining medium (cavity), qubits, control, and readout. * Initial Claim 13: Impacts obviousness of using electromagnetic (microwave) fields for control. * Initial Claim 14: Impacts obviousness of non-demolition measurement using a resonant cavity and detector. * Initial Claim 16: Impacts obviousness. Describes a method for QC using qubits coupled to a resonant cavity. * **FTO Implications (if an *in-force* patent):** This patent is active. Its claims cover a system and method for QC measurement using a qubit coupled to a resonant cavity with microwave control and readout. If the HQC system involves coupling resonant field states (h-qubits) to a resonant cavity for control or readout in a manner that falls within the scope of these claims, there could be an FTO risk, particularly for claims related to the system architecture, resonant media, control, and readout (Claims 2, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16). ### **Analysis of CN-116709894-A:** * **Full Citation:** [CN-116709894-A](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQG3OYwvDteVBkzMz9AvA6BL8Rsvwk6A__xn6pRfEq81MD9lAMOyraizZHz8U6mL5klL47BU8UnlSkqRaQoS5EyC_pIPMvEDQvZNNcEARydP6tMNxkZZkxciTnmCtVmeuRuNIVvoMNcqk6VcoU5qDhNtpV6WAHHqUwkg) - Superconducting Quantum Processor Based on Superconducting Quantum Bit 3d Lattice * **Assignee/Applicant(s)/Author(s):** Origin Quantum Computing Technology Co Ltd. * **Key Dates:** Filed Mar 13, 2023, Published Sep 5, 2023. * **Estimated Status:** Active (Published application). * **Key Relevant Features & Disclosures:** Describes a superconducting quantum processor based on a superconducting qubit 3D lattice. The structure comprises two chips with superconducting qubit 2D lattices and indium pillar arrays. Superconducting qubits include Josephson junction loops and bypass capacitors. Superconducting qubits in the two chips are coupled through indium columns to form a 3D lattice structure. Aims to break hardware limitations and execute more accurate quantum dynamics simulation. * **Detailed Mapping Against Initial Claims (for Patentability):** * Initial Claim 2: Impacts obviousness of claiming a computational device with a physical medium comprising a 3D lattice structure. * Initial Claim 6: Impacts obviousness of claiming a system for QC with a wave-sustaining medium comprising a 3D lattice structure. * Initial Claim 7: Directly impacts novelty and obviousness of claiming a system with a 3D lattice structure. * Initial Claim 10: Impacts obviousness of using superconducting materials in a 3D lattice structure for QC. * **FTO Implications (if an *in-force* patent):** This is an active patent application. Its claims likely cover a superconducting quantum processor with a specific 3D lattice structure formed by coupling superconducting qubits on two chips. If the HQC system is implemented using a superconducting 3D lattice structure, there could be an FTO risk, particularly for claims related to the 3D lattice architecture and superconducting materials (Claims 2, 6, 7, 10). ### **Analysis of Topological Data Analysis in Smart Manufacturing:** * **Full Citation:** Topological Data Analysis in Smart Manufacturing: State of the Art and Future Directions, Journal of Manufacturing Systems (2024). * **Assignee/Applicant(s)/Author(s):** Wei Guo, Ashis G. Banerjee (for the 2017 paper mentioned). The 2024 paper has multiple authors. * **Key Dates:** 2017 (paper on TDA for manufacturing outputs), 2024 (review paper). US patent application mentioned as being filed for related work in 2019. * **Estimated Status:** Non-patent literature (NPL). The mentioned US patent application status is unknown without a specific number. * **Key Relevant Features & Disclosures:** Discusses applying Topological Data Analysis (TDA) to analyze complex, multi-dimensional data in industrial manufacturing and production. Mentions using TDA to extract key process variables and analyze causal relationships. Describes persistent homology as a tool to analyze topological structures (connected components, loops, cavities) in data. A 2017 paper claims the first successful application of TDA in the manufacturing systems domain to predict outputs. A US patent application was being filed in 2019 for work on deep learning for automated in-process inspection of composite layup, involving TDA. * **Detailed Mapping Against Initial Claims (for Patentability):** * Initial Claim 28: Directly impacts novelty and obviousness. This NPL describes applying TDA to manufacturing process data for analysis and optimization/prediction of outputs. The concept of using TDA for manufacturing optimization is known. Patentability depends on the *specific application* to HQC component manufacturing and the *specific features extracted* being novel and non-obvious in that context. * **FTO Implications (if an *in-force* patent):** NPL does not pose FTO risk. The mentioned US patent application (status unknown) could potentially pose an FTO risk if granted with claims covering the specific TDA techniques applied to manufacturing processes relevant to HQC components. ### **Analysis of US10763974B2:** * **Full Citation:** [US10763974B2](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQF_J4NRqVSefZNIiJZZPodC3enKISnFqzamHhPBNKnhyyyKBDfHZ2QgeWwnm3EtgbwGkOW7JqpPjRHkMYrhw3sh3gDPZMNBeOZlSgqmObNRVdIrAazWdBO1ay0NWqup4S9Ma-Iik32jjORTjA==) - Photonic processing systems and methods * **Assignee/Applicant(s)/Author(s):** Lightmatter, Inc. * **Key Dates:** Filed Jun 28, 2018, Granted Aug 4, 2020. * **Estimated Status:** Active. * **Key Relevant Features & Disclosures:** Describes photonic processing systems and methods, including performing matrix-vector multiplication optically. Mentions that a quaternion-valued vector may be multiplied by a quaternion-valued matrix and an octonion-valued vector may be multiplied by an octonion-valued matrix. Discusses implementing these operations on hardware architectures capable of parallel computations, such as GPUs, systolic matrix multipliers, or photonic processors. Claims cover a photonic processing system and methods for optical matrix-vector multiplication. * **Detailed Mapping Against Initial Claims (for Patentability):** * Initial Claim 26: Impacts obviousness. Describes using quaternions and octonions in a hardware-accelerated system (photonic processor, GPU, etc.) for mathematical operations (matrix multiplication). While not specifically for *quantum dynamics modeling*, it establishes the concept of using these algebras on hardware accelerators. * **FTO Implications (if an *in-force* patent):** This patent is active. Its claims cover photonic processing systems and methods for optical matrix-vector multiplication. If the HQC system's modeling component (Claim 26) is implemented using a photonic processor or similar hardware for hypercomplex algebra operations in a way that falls within the scope of these claims, there could be an FTO risk. ### **Analysis of Neuromorphic Computing Based on Superconductive Quantum Phase-Slip Junctions:** * **Full Citation:** Neuromorphic Computing Based on Superconductive Quantum Phase-Slip Junctions, Auburn University (2021)., Toward Learning in Neuromorphic Circuits Based on Quantum Phase Slip Junctions (2021). * **Assignee/Applicant(s)/Author(s):** Auburn University (for the dissertation/thesis). Authors include Cheng, Hamilton, Goteti, Zhang et al.. * **Key Dates:** 2021. * **Estimated Status:** Non-patent literature (NPL). * **Key Relevant Features & Disclosures:** Explores neuromorphic computing based on superconductive quantum phase-slip junctions (QPSJs). Discusses designing and simulating neuromorphic circuits using QPSJs and Josephson junctions (JJs) to emulate neuron spiking and learning. Mentions that superconductive circuits operating by propagation of small voltage/current pulses are suited for spiking neuron circuits. QPSJs can conduct quantized charge pulses resembling action potentials. Compares QPSJ neuromorphic circuits to JJ-based hardware. * **Detailed Mapping Against Initial Claims (for Patentability):** * Initial Claim 25: Impacts obviousness. Describes neuromorphic circuits based on superconducting components (QPSJs, JJs) for emulating neural behavior. While not explicitly analog *quantum* simulation, it is highly relevant prior art for neuromorphic circuits using superconducting elements. * **FTO Implications (if an *in-force* patent):** NPL does not pose FTO risk. However, research in this area suggests potential for future patenting by Auburn University or related entities. ### **Analysis of US20170237144A1:** * **Full Citation:** [US20170237144A1](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFvIH6hrIBAyMMltkRuI7Mw7oLR6g8Qcfu-OPgZBP6L89YmTnjOX2VHF3xFUw6n_MgtEiUu8x7BHPCaE4SiLQEVYC09mCgoYRpwZElkajHKFLZOFiSSTydIC-ciqTt-dk35U0iax7gE1FpbCECXDA==) - Microwave frequency magnetic field manipulation systems and methods and associated application instruments, apparatus and system * **Assignee/Applicant(s)/Author(s):** Seeqc, Inc. * **Key Dates:** Filed Feb 17, 2017, Published Aug 17, 2017. * **Estimated Status:** Active (Published application). * **Key Relevant Features & Disclosures:** Describes systems and methods for microwave frequency magnetic field manipulation, including within cavities. Mentions a system with a cavity that can act as an element of a quantum computer. Discusses varying dielectric properties within gaps in the cavity, inserting solid dielectric material, or filling the cavity with fluid. Claims cover methods involving varying dielectric properties within a cavity. * **Detailed Mapping Against Initial Claims (for Patentability):** * Initial Claim 2: Impacts obviousness of a computational device with a physical medium (cavity). * Initial Claim 6: Impacts obviousness of a system for QC with a wave-sustaining medium (cavity). * Initial Claim 11: Impacts obviousness of using dielectric material within a resonant cavity in a system that can act as a QC element. * Initial Claim 12: While not mentioning hydrogel or ordered liquid, it impacts the obviousness of using fluid dielectric fillers in a cavity for QC. * **FTO Implications (if an *in-force* patent):** This is an active patent application. Its claims cover methods involving varying dielectric properties within a microwave cavity. If the HQC system utilizes dielectric materials within resonant cavities and involves methods of varying or selecting these dielectrics that fall within the scope of these claims, there could be an FTO risk, particularly for claims related to the system architecture and dielectric materials (Claims 2, 6, 11, 12). ## Appendix B: Search Strategy & Keywords Utilized **Conceptual International Search Strategy:** The search strategy focused on identifying prior art and FTO risks related to the core concepts of the invention: quantum computing using resonant frequency states as qubits, the physical implementation of such a system (resonant media, 3D structures, materials, noise mitigation), control and readout methods, and related computational/modeling aspects. The search aimed for international coverage, prioritizing major patent jurisdictions (US, EP, WO, CN, JP, KR) and relevant non-patent literature databases. **Databases Notionally Queried:** * Google Patents * Espacenet (European Patent Office) * WIPO PatentScope (World Intellectual Property Organization) * USPTO Patent Public Search * Google Scholar * IEEE Xplore * arXiv **Primary Keywords, Synonyms, Boolean Operators, and Classification Codes:** * **Core Concepts:** * `"Harmonic Quantum Computing"` * `"Resonant Field Computing"` * `"harmonic qubit"` * `"resonant frequency states" quantum computing` * `"resonant mode" quantum computing` * `"field state" quantum computing` * `"wave-sustaining medium" quantum computing` * **Physical Implementation:** * `"3D lattice" quantum computing` * `"superconducting lattice" quantum computing` * `"HTS lattice" quantum computing` * `"dielectric filler" resonant cavity quantum computing` * `"hydrogel" quantum computing` * `"ordered liquid" quantum computing` * `"superconducting resonator" quantum computing` * `"resonant cavity" quantum computing` * **Control & Readout:** * `"modulated field" quantum computing` * `"resonant control" quantum computing` * `"non-demolition measurement" quantum computing` * `"interferometric measurement" quantum computing` * `"spectral analysis" quantum computing` * `"continuous control" quantum computing` * **Noise Mitigation:** * `"engineered non-Markovian noise" quantum computing` * `"nanoscale shielding" quantum computing noise` * `"photonic crystal" quantum computing noise` * `"phononic crystal" quantum computing noise` * `"quasiparticle trap" superconducting qubit` * **Related Concepts:** * `"Topological Data Analysis" manufacturing optimization` * `"cryogenic single phonon sensor" superconducting resonator` * `"engineered photosynthetic complex" quantum` * `"paraconsistent logic circuit" quantum measurement` * `"quaternion" "octonion" quantum dynamics hardware` * `"neuromorphic circuit" analog quantum simulation` * `"Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics" patent` * `"Continuous-Variable Quantum Computing" patent` * `"Superconducting quantum circuit" patent` * **Specific References:** * `US8642998B2` * `US 9692423 B2` * `US6930320B2` * `CN109376870B` * `US20180052806A1` * `WO2019055038A1` * `arXiv 1407.0654` Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) and proximity operators were used to refine searches. Classification codes (e.g., G06N10/00 for Quantum Computing, H01L39/22 for Superconducting devices) were considered to narrow searches in patent databases where appropriate. Variations in terminology (e.g., qubit vs. quantum bit, cavity vs. resonator) were also accounted for. The search included both patent documents (applications and grants) and non-patent literature to cover both patentability and FTO aspects. Status checks (Active, Expired, Lapsed) were performed for relevant patent documents to inform the FTO analysis. --- **Disclaimer:** This report is generated by an AI model using the provided documents and its knowledge base. It is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice, nor is it a substitute for a professional patent search or legal opinion from a qualified patent attorney. The accuracy and completeness of the information cannot be guaranteed. Always consult with a qualified professional for decisions regarding patentability, freedom to operate, or intellectual property strategy.