* What is the fundamental entity from which spacetime and matter emerge? * Why does the universe exhibit a specific arrow of time, given time-symmetric fundamental laws? * What determines the precise moment of quantum state collapse, and what is the underlying mechanism? * What is the fundamental relationship between information and the physical universe? * Why do the fundamental forces have the specific strengths and ranges they do? * What lies beyond the current observable universe, and does it fundamentally differ from what we can see? * What is the fundamental nature of the quantum vacuum? * Why does the universe appear to be so finely tuned for the existence of life? * What is the fundamental nature of mass at its most elementary level? * What is the fundamental nature of charge at its most elementary level?