Here is a list of proper names and named entities from the sources, with a focus on those that might be considered inversely significant compared to widely known entities like the Standard Model and dark matter: * **π and φ**: Natural geometric constants proposed as a potential basis for a more fundamental description. * **Part 1, Part 2, Part 3**: Sections of the author's work, indicating a structured deconstruction. * **Modern Physics Metrology**: A section within Part 2 of the author's work focusing on standard units. * **FLRW (Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker)**: An overly idealized geometric model used in standard cosmology. * **Geometric algebra and novel calculi**: Alternative mathematical systems suggested for describing cycles and scaling. * **π-φ reformulation**: A hinted-at alternative gravity model based on π and φ. * **Section 5, Section 6, Section 7**: Specific sections within the author's work referenced for details. * **ΛCDM**: The standard model of cosmology. * **Cold Dark Matter (CDM)**: The hypothesised non-baryonic matter component in ΛCDM. * **Dark Energy (Λ)**: The hypothesised energy component responsible for the accelerating expansion in ΛCDM. * **Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND)**: A theory explaining galaxy dynamics without dark matter. * **f(R) theories**: Modified Gravity theories that modify the Ricci scalar term. * **Emergent Gravity**: Concepts proposing a deeper origin for gravitational interactions. * **CPT symmetry**: A fundamental symmetry relating particles and antiparticles. * **Feynman-Stueckelberg interpretation**: An interpretation within QFT that provides a framework for antiparticles. * **Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs)**: A leading candidate for dark matter particles. * **LZ (LUX-ZEPLIN)**: A direct dark matter detection experiment. * **XENONnT**: A direct dark matter detection experiment. * **PandaX-4T**: A direct dark matter detection experiment. * **Fermi Large Area Telescope**: A gamma-ray telescope used in indirect dark matter detection. * **AMS-02**: A cosmic ray detector used in indirect dark matter detection. * **IceCube**: A neutrino detector used in indirect dark matter detection. * **H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS**: Ground-based Cherenkov telescopes used in indirect dark matter detection. * **CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array)**: A future ground-based Cherenkov telescope. * **Galactic Center gamma-ray excess**: An observed excess potentially linked to dark matter annihilation. * **AMS-02 positron excess**: An observed excess potentially linked to dark matter annihilation or astrophysical sources. * **Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies**: DM-dominated systems used as targets for indirect detection. * **Canonical thermal WIMP annihilation cross-section**: A theoretical benchmark for WIMP interaction strength. * **Wino DM**: A specific model of dark matter facing strong constraints. * **Axions**: A hypothetical light pseudoscalar boson candidate for dark matter. * **Sterile Neutrinos**: A hypothetical neutrino type candidate for dark matter. * **Primordial Black Holes (PBHs)**: Black holes formed in the early universe, a non-particle dark matter candidate. * **Modified Gravity theories (MOND, f(R), etc.)**: Alternatives to dark matter invoking modifications to gravity. * **Emergent Gravity concepts**: Alternatives to dark matter proposing a deeper origin for gravity. * **General Relativity**: Einstein's theory of gravity. * **Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO)**: Features in the large-scale structure used in cosmology. * **WMAP and Planck**: Satellites that measured the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). * **Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia)**: Exploding white dwarf stars used as standardizable candles in cosmology. * **MLCS2k2 and SALT2**: Different analysis techniques for Type Ia Supernovae data. * **Quintessence**: A hypothetical form of dark energy modeled as a scalar field. * **Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)**: A collaboration analyzing galaxy and quasar data. * **Backreaction hypothesis**: The idea that the effect of inhomogeneities in the universe might mimic cosmic acceleration. * **Standard Model Higgs field**: The field associated with the Higgs mechanism. * **Extra Dimensions**: Higher spatial dimensions proposed by theories like string theory. * **Gauge Symmetries**: Fundamental principles of nature or descriptive redundancies in mathematical formalisms. * **Inflaton field**: A hypothetical field driving cosmic inflation. * **Technicolor**: An alternative to the Higgs mechanism involving new strong interactions. * **String theory**: A theoretical framework proposing that fundamental entities are vibrating strings. * **Holographic principle**: An alternative to classical spacetime rooted in black hole thermodynamics and string theory. * **Bekenstein-Hawking formula**: Relates the entropy of a black hole to its surface area. * **George Ellis**: A cosmologist who has critiqued ΛCDM. * **Mordehai Milgrom**: The originator of the MOND theory. * **Max Tegmark**: Proponent of the Mathematical Universe Hypothesis (MUH). * **Sean Carroll**: Advocate of the multiverse hypothesis. * **Michael Turner**: A vocal proponent of ΛCDM. * **Joel Primack**: Influential in work on cold dark matter. * **Planck's “mathematical trick”**: The initial assumption of energy quantization by Planck. * **Classical spacetime**: The framework of space and time that breaks down at quantum levels. * **Singularities, non-locality**: Features indicating the limitations of classical spacetime. * **Unification of gravity with quantum field theory**: An unresolved problem in physics. * **QCD axion**: A specific type of axion related to the Strong CP problem. * **Peccei-Quinn mechanism**: The mechanism introducing the QCD axion. * **Strong CP problem**: The puzzle of why CP violation is extremely small in strong interactions. * **Axion-Like Particles (ALPs)**: A broader class of pseudoscalars similar to axions. * **Warm Dark Matter (WDM)**: A type of dark matter potentially addressed by keV-scale sterile neutrinos. * **Asymmetric DM**: Dark matter where a particle-antiparticle asymmetry explains the relic density. * **SIMPs (Strongly Interacting Massive Particles)**: Another hypothetical dark matter candidate. * **Fuzzy Dark Matter**: An ultra-light scalar field dark matter candidate. * **Hidden sectors**: Hypothetical sectors of particles interacting weakly with the Standard Model. * **Mono-X + MET**: A common search strategy for dark matter at colliders. * **Annual Modulation Searches**: Direct detection experiments looking for a periodic variation in event rate. * **DAMA/LIBRA**: A direct detection experiment claiming a positive annual modulation signal. * **COSINE-100, ANAIS**: Direct detection experiments that have not confirmed the DAMA/LIBRA signal. * **Dual-Phase Noble Liquid Time Projection Chambers (TPCs)**: A type of direct detection technology. * **Cryogenic Bolometers**: A type of direct detection technology offering low energy thresholds. * **Directional Detectors**: Direct detection experiments aiming to measure the direction of recoiling nuclei. * **Halo**: The distribution of dark matter surrounding galaxies. * **Annihilation cross-section (⟨σv⟩)**: A measure of the probability of dark matter particles annihilating. * **Gamma rays, neutrinos, positrons, antiprotons, antideuterons**: Potential signals from dark matter annihilation or decay. * **Galactic Center**: The center of the Milky Way, a target for indirect dark matter searches. * **Galaxy Clusters**: Large structures containing dark matter, targets for indirect detection. * **The Sun/Earth**: Celestial bodies where dark matter can accumulate and annihilate. * **Mediator Searches**: Collider searches looking for particles connecting the Standard Model to dark matter. * **Long-Lived Particle Searches**: Collider searches for particles that travel a measurable distance before decaying. * **g_aγγ**: The coupling constant of axions to photons. * **Haloscopes**: Experiments searching for dark matter axions converting into microwave photons. * **ADMX**: A leading axion haloscope experiment. * **CAPP, HAYSTAC, ORGAN**: Other axion haloscope experiments. * **Helioscopes**: Experiments searching for solar axions converting into X-rays. * **CAST**: A leading axion helioscope experiment at CERN. * **IAXO**: A future axion helioscope project. * **Light-Shining-Through-Wall (LSW)**: Laboratory experiments searching for axions by photon regeneration. * **ALPS II**: A leading LSW experiment at DESY. * **Bullet Cluster**: A galaxy cluster merger providing constraints on dark matter self-interaction. * **Lyman-α forest**: Absorption lines in quasar spectra used to probe large-scale structure and DM-baryon interactions. * **Neutrino floor (or fog)**: The point where coherent scattering of neutrinos becomes an irreducible background in direct detection. * **Spin-Independent (SI) and Spin-Dependent (SD) scattering**: Types of interactions sought in direct dark matter detection. * **TeV scale**: An energy scale often associated with Beyond the Standard Model physics. * **Hierarchy problem**: The large discrepancy between the electroweak scale and the Planck scale. * **SUSY (Supersymmetry)**: A theoretical framework relating fermions and bosons. * **Lightest Neutralino (LSP)**: A potential WIMP candidate in SUSY. * **Strong CP problem**: The issue of unexpectedly small CP violation in strong interactions. * **Misalignment mechanism**: A production mechanism for axions in the early universe. * **Cold Dark Matter (CDM)**: Dark matter composed of non-relativistic particles. * **Warm Dark Matter (WDM)**: Dark matter with slightly higher velocities than CDM. * **keV scale**: An energy scale relevant for some sterile neutrino dark matter candidates. * **μeV-meV range**: Typical mass range for axions. * **GeV-TeV range**: Typical mass range for WIMPs. * **Chameleon screening mechanisms**: A way for dark energy fields to evade local gravity tests. * **Dark photon**: A hypothetical gauge boson associated with gauged quintessence. * **Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Bosons (pNGBs)**: Naturally light scalar particles, like axions, potential candidates for quintessence. * **Dilaton**: A scalar field in string theory related to the strength of gravity. * **Moduli fields**: Scalar fields in string theory associated with the geometry of extra dimensions. * **Supergroups, Lee-Wick theories**: Unconventional symmetry structures explored in BSM physics. * **ATLAS and CMS**: The two main experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). * **Squarks, Gluinos, Sleptons, Charginos, Neutralinos**: Supersymmetric partners of Standard Model particles. * **R-parity Violation (RPV SUSY)**: SUSY scenarios where the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP) can decay. * **Large Extra Dimensions (ADD Model)**: A model with Standard Model fields on a brane and gravity propagating in a higher-dimensional bulk. * **Warped Extra Dimensions (RS Model)**: Models with non-factorizable geometry and branes, addressing the hierarchy problem. * **Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations**: Higher-dimensional versions of Standard Model particles appearing in extra dimension theories. * **Composite Higgs Models**: Models where the Higgs is a composite particle arising from a new strong interaction. * **Vector-Like Quarks (VLQs)**: Heavy quark partners predicted in composite Higgs models. * **Kappa-formalism, SMEFT**: Frameworks for analyzing Higgs coupling measurements. * **High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC)**: An upgrade to the LHC expected to improve precision measurements. * **ILC, FCC-ee, CEPC**: Future lepton colliders with high precision measurement potential. * **Two-Higgs-Doublet Models (2HDMs)**: Extensions of the Standard Model with an additional Higgs doublet. * **Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs)**: Sensitive probes of new CP-violating physics. * **Quantum Gravity (QG)**: Theories aiming to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity. * **Planck scale**: The energy scale at which quantum gravitational effects are expected to be significant. * **Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies and non-Gaussianity**: Subtle variations in the CMB potentially revealing QG effects. * **Primordial Gravitational Waves (B-mode polarization)**: Gravitational waves from the early universe, a potential probe of near-Planckian physics. * **Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV)**: A potential breakdown of Lorentz invariance at the Planck scale. * **Standard Model Extension (SME)**: An effective field theory framework to parameterize LIV effects. * **Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs)**: The highest energy cosmic rays, potentially affected by QG. * **Gravitational Wave Echoes**: Delayed signals after black hole mergers, potentially indicating quantum structure near horizons. * **Stochastic GW Background**: A background of gravitational waves from the early universe. * **Varying Fundamental Constants**: The idea that fundamental constants might not be truly constant. * **Oklo Natural Nuclear Reactor**: A geological site providing constraints on the variation of fundamental constants. * **JUNO**: An upcoming neutrino experiment. * **T2K, NOvA**: Current neutrino oscillation experiments. * **Neutrinoless double beta decay**: A hypothetical process whose detection would indicate Majorana nature of neutrinos. This list provides a range of entities, from alternative theoretical frameworks to specific experiments and even theoretical problems within established models, highlighting the diverse landscape beyond the most commonly discussed topics.